In the world of antiracism advocacy, Brittani James (M.D. 2015) is a rockstar. In 2020, she cofounded the Institute for Antiracism in Medicine with her twin sister, Brandi Jackson, M.D. The organization has partnered with the American Medical Association on its strategic plan to embed racial justice within the organization and advance health equity. She's been interviewed on CNN about vaccine hesitancy in the Black community. She's been in the New York Times for starting a petition to hold JAMA accountable after it published a podcast that disavowed structural racism in medicine. She teaches classes on antiracism at the University of Illinois. And that's just a small sampling of her advocacy.  

For James, antiracism work is not just political, it's personal. The bio on her website ends with a powerful sentence: "Dr. James is a first-generation, slave-descended physician." It's not every day that an accomplished physician brings up her family's history of enslavement. But for James, that history is foundational, not only to her sense of self, but also to her day-to-day work as a physician activist in Chicago.

In her family medicine practice, she serves people who have been hurt by systems of oppression. "Just about 100% of my patients are black and brown," says James, who is medical director of the Inner-City Muslim Action Network in Chicago. She cares for many immigrants, some of whom are undocumented and without health insurance. And she says mental health concerns are affecting her patients disproportionately.

"There's an undercurrent of trauma that really isn't talked about," she says. "'Trauma-informed' is the buzz-word now, [but] our mainstream definitions of trauma don't account for what it does to the psyche on an individual level and a community level to experience, for example, hundreds of years of oppression."

As a family medicine physician serving minoritized groups during the pandemic, James has witnessed "an implosion of factors" on her patients. But she also sees resilience: "people acting, people working to make their communities better."

James believes it is everyone's responsibility to make health care equitable. "There's an overwhelming body of literature documenting racial health disparities from slavery to the present," she says. "We don't need another study to prove this is real. We need policy changes."

One such change she suggests for health care systems is to stop doing implicit bias trainings. For one thing, she notes that trainings are often short-term and not adequate to address deeply entrenched disparities. She also says the trainings focus on individuals and their unexamined racist ideas. "That's a real thing, but more importantly, so is structural racism — the way it shapes policies, protocols, and institutional norms."  

James doesn't shy away from self-examination, either. In 2018, she and her sister cofounded Med Like Me, an organization devoted to helping underrepresented minorities pursue careers in medicine. Although it was a successful pipeline program, James and her sister felt like "we were ushering [the learners] into a hostile climate." After hearing about people's "toxic experiences of academia," James and her sister pivoted to addressing antiracism in medicine on a larger scale. "I have a responsibility to not drop the ball on moving racial progress forward."